OBESE children show heart attack warning signs from as young as 11, says a respected Australian researcher.
The good news, however, is the risk can be reversed.
All it takes is 40 minutes of moderate exercise three times a week, says Professor David Celermajer, a heart researcher at Sydney Medical School.
He and his colleagues believe a body mass index (BMI) above 23 is unhealthy.
"We have found that 11- and 12-year-olds whose BMI is 25 have already damaged their blood vessels," says Prof Celermajer, who will give a free lecture at the University of Sydney on Wednesday.
But regular exercise can restore the vessels to a healthy state in about a year, he says.
It can be recreational sport or games at school.
"They don't need to run a marathon but they must build up a light sweat.
The exercise must be sustained or the benefit will be lost, he says.
"You can't just do it for a year and stop."
Another risk factor that can be reversed is passive smoking, says Prof Celermajer.
His has conducted a study of 15-year-olds that shows passive smoking causes damage to blood vessels.
But this can also be reversed in most cases with a smoke-free environment for three years.
"The simplest is for the parent to stop smoking or not smoke near their children."
Prof Celermajer and his team are now aiming to find a way to reverse the risk faced by children with a low birth weight.
"I don't want to panic people. But those who weigh under 2.5kg at birth are at increased risk of heart attacks and stroke.
"We think it is highly likely to be reversible.
"People know about cholesterol, smoking and obesity. The next frontier is low-birthweight babies," he says.
"The knowledge that heart disease begins in childhood or young adult life gives tremendous hope we can delay or prevent catastrophic heart attack and stroke in middle age."
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